After leaving the introduced forest, the route winds through a lovely open stretch still recovering from a fire in 1972. Making a comeback are the native trees, koa and `iliahi. Koa has sickle-shaped foliage and pale yellow flower clusters. Early Hawaiians made surfboards and outrigger canoe hulls out of the beautiful red brown wood. Today it is made into fine furniture.
`Iliahi or sandalwood has small dull-green leaves that appear wilted. The tree is partially parasitic, with outgrowths on its roots that steal nutrients from nearby plants. Early Hawaiians ground the fragrant heartwood into a powder to perfume their kapa (bark cloth). Beginning in the late 1700s, `Iliahi was indiscriminately cut down and exported to China to make incense and furniture. The trade ended around 1840 when the forests were depleted of the tree.
Farther along the ridge is the native rain forest, dominated by `ohi`a trees and hapu`u tree ferns. `Ohi`a has oval leaves and clusters of delicate red flowers. Early Hawaiians used the flowers in lei (garlands) and the wood in outrigger canoes. The hard, durable wood was also carved into god images for heiau (religious sites). Beneath the `ohi`a are hapu`u tree ferns with delicate sweeping fronds. Their trunks consist of roots tightly woven around a small central stem. The brown fiber covering the young fronds of hapu`u is called pulu.
At the helipad is a magnificent lapalapa tree. Its roundish leaves are arranged in groups of three and flutter in the slightest wind. Early Hawaiians used the bark, leaves, and purple fruit to make a blue black dye to decorate their kapa. The leaves also make a distinctive lei.Beyond the helipad watch for `apapane and `amakihi, two colorful native birds. The `apapane has a red breast and head, black wings and tail, and a slightly curved black bill. In flight the bird makes a whirring sound as it darts among the `ohi`a searching for insects and nectar. The `amakihi is yellowish green with a slightly curved gray bill and feeds on nectar, fruits, and insects. It is the most common native forest bird on O`ahu.
On the final climb look for the native loulu palm, emerging out of the mist. It has rigid, fan-shaped fronds in a cluster at the top of a ringed trunk. Early Hawaiians used the fronds for thatch and plaited the blades of young fronds into fans and baskets.